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Here are some commonly used data types in Rails

String: Represents a sequence of characters. Commonly used for text fields. Example: string :name
Text: Similar to a string but suitable for longer text content. Example: text :description
Integer: Represents a whole number. Example: integer :age
Float: Represents a floating-point number. Example: float :price
Decimal: Represents a fixed-point number with higher precision than float. Example: decimal :amount, precision: 10, scale: 2
Boolean: Represents a true or false value. Example: boolean :active
Date: Represents a date without a time component. Example: date :birthdate
Time: Represents a specific time of day. Example: time :meeting_time
DateTime: Represents a date and time. Example: datetime :created_at
Binary: Represents binary data, such as images or files. Example: binary :avatar
JSON and JSONB: Stores JSON-formatted data. Example: json :settings
Array: Represents an array of values. Example: array :tags
Enum: Represents a predefined list of values using an enumeration. Example: enum status: { active: 0, inactive: 1 }
References and Belongs To Associations: Used to define relationships between models, indicating that one model "belongs to" another. Example: belongs_to :author
Has Many and Has Many Through Associations: Used to define relationships where one model has multiple instances of another model. Example: has_many :comments
Polymorphic Associations: Used to create associations that can belong to multiple different models. Example: belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true

These data types play a crucial role in defining how data is stored in your application's database. It's important to choose appropriate data types based on the nature of the data you're working with. Additionally, you can also use migrations to modify existing columns with different data types if your application's requirements change over time.

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Here are some commonly used data types in Rails